The Hacker Emblem was first proposed in October 2003 by Eric S. Raymond, claiming a need for a uniting and recognizable symbol for his perception of hacker culture. This does not refer to the hackers breaking into computers, but to the hacker culture around BSD, perl, GNU, Linux, etc; that is, the community around free software and open source.
Raymond has said that one does not claim to be a hacker by displaying this emblem, but suggests that "by using this emblem, you express sympathy with hackers' goals, hackers' values, and the hacker way of living".
The image itself is a representation of a glider formation in Conway's Game of Life.
Hackers also associate and represent themselves with mascots from notable free and open source projects such as the GNU Project's "Gnu" or more commonly the Linux kernel's "Tux". The "Dust Puppy" from the web comic User Friendly is also commonly associated with Hackers, Internet culture, and free and open source communities due that strip's coverage of those topics.
2008年11月29日星期六
Hacker Emblem
BDSM Emblem
The BDSM Emblem is a proposed 3-D symbol of the BDSM community, based on a triskelion design similar to a three-fold Yin Yang symbol (see Sam taeguk and Mitsu tomoe).
HistoryThis symbol was created after 1995 discussions on an AOL message board, when user Quagmyr proposed a design for a BDSM Emblem, originally inspired by the Roissy ring described in the Story of O (although he later decided the Roissy design had spirals rather than "teardrops"). In fact the Triskelion is an ancient symbol used by many cultures, including Oriental variants with Yin-Yang style dots or eyes.
Quagmyr realised it was impossible for him to copyright a general design with thousands of years of history, and instead claims ownership of one very specific emblem: The rims and spokes are of a color indicating metal. The rims and spokes are of uniform width with the arms rotating clockwise. The inner fields are black. The holes in the fields are truly holes and not dots.
He sells merchandise featuring the Emblem, and allows other people to use his specific emblem for non-profit cultural, educational and artistic use within the BDSM community. However, written permission is required for any commercial use of the Emblem (including fund raising by non-profit BDSM organisations.)
With these restrictions on his original design, many variants of the ancient triskelion have been used on BDSM websites and other media instead of Quagmyr's. Unlike the Leather Pride Flag, no single colour scheme is universally used. Quagmyr's site includes a page showing other triskelions and explaining how they differ from the design he claims rights over.
However, the legal status of his claim to copyright of the design has been questioned. While he has copyright of the original image files, if someone were to recreate the image and republish it then it is doubted that he would have any claim to the image.
Along with the Leather Pride Flag, the BDSM Emblem forms the basis of the BDSM Rights Flag which is free of copying restrictions.
Emblem of India
The Emblem of India is an adaptation from the Sarnath Lion Capital of Ashoka.
Emperor Ashoka the Great erected the capital atop an Ashoka Pillar to mark the spot where Gautama Buddha first taught the Dharma and where the Buddhist Sangha was founded. In the original there are four Asiatic lions, standing back to back, mounted on a circular abacus with a frieze carrying sculptures in high relief of an elephant, a galloping horse, a bull and a lion separated by intervening Dharmachakra or Ashoka Chakra wheels over a bell-shaped lotus. It was carved out of a single block of polished sandstone.
The version used as the Emblem does not include the fourth lion (since it is hidden from view at the rear) or the bell-shaped lotus flower beneath. The frieze beneath the lions is shown with the Dharma Chakra in the center, a bull on the right and a galloping horse on the left, and outlines of Dharma Chakras on the extreme right and left.
Forming an integral part of the Emblem is the motto inscribed below the abacus in Devanagari script: Satyameva Jayate (English: "Truth Alone Triumphs"). This is a quote from Mundaka Upanishad, the concluding part of the sacred Hindu Vedas.
It was adopted as the National Emblem of India on 26 January 1950, the day that India became a republic.
Indian passport
The emblem forms a part of the official letterhead of the Government of India, and appears on all Indian currency as well. It also sometimes functions as the national emblem of India in many places and appears prominently on the diplomatic and national Passport of the Republic of India. The wheel "Ashoka Chakra" from its base has been placed onto the center of the National Flag of India
Emblem book
Scholars differ on the key question of whether the actual emblems in question are the visual images, the accompanying texts, or the combination of the two. This is understandable, given that the first emblem book, the Emblemata of Andrea Alciato, was first issued in an unauthorized edition in which the woodcuts were chosen by the printer without any input from the author, who had circulated the texts in unillustrated manuscript form. Some early emblem books were unillustrated, particularly those issued by the French printer Denis de Harsy. With time, however, the reading public came to expect emblem books to contain picture-text combinations. Each combination consisted of a woodcut or engraving accompanied by one or more short texts, intended to inspire their readers to reflect on a general moral lesson derived from the reading of both picture and text together. The picture was subject to numerous interpretations: only by reading the text could a reader be certain which meaning was intended by the author. Thus the books are closely related to the personal symbolic picture-text combinations called personal devices, known in Italy as imprese and in France as devises.
Woodcut from Guillaume de La Perrière, Le Théâtre des bons engins, 1545.
Emblem books, both secular and religious, attained enormous popularity throughout continental Europe, though in Britain they never captured the imagination of readers to the same extent. The books were especially numerous in the Netherlands, Belgium, Germany, and France. Andrea Alciato wrote the epigrams contained in the first and most widely disseminated emblem book, the Emblemata, published by Heinrich Steyner in 1531 in Augsburg. Another influential illustrated book was Cesare Ripa's Iconologia, first published in 1593, though it is not properly speaking an emblem book but a collection of erudite allegories.
Early European studies of Egyptian hieroglyphics, like that of Athanasius Kircher, assumed that the hieroglyphics were emblems, and imaginatively interpreted them accordingly.
League of Nations
The League of Nations (LoN) was a supranational organization founded as a result of the Treaty of Versailles in 1919–1920. At its greatest extent from 28 September 1934 to the 23 February 1935, it had 58 members. The League's goals included disarmament, preventing war through collective security, settling disputes between countries through negotiation, diplomacy and improving global quality of life. The diplomatic philosophy behind the League represented a fundamental shift in thought from the preceding hundred years. The League lacked its own armed force and so depended on the Great Powers to enforce its resolutions, keep to economic sanctions which the League ordered, or provide an army, when needed, for the League to use. However, they were often reluctant to do so. Sanctions could also hurt the League members imposing the sanctions and given the pacifist attitude following World War I, countries were reluctant to take military action. Benito Mussolini stated that "The League is very well when sparrows shout, but no good at all when eagles fall out."
After a number of notable successes and some early failures in the 1920s, the League ultimately proved incapable of preventing aggression by the Axis Powers in the 1930s. The onset of the Second World War suggested that the League had failed in its primary purpose, which was to avoid any future world war. The United Nations replaced it after the end of the war and inherited a number of agencies and organizations founded by the League.
National emblem
Most national emblems originate in the natural world, such as animals or birds, but another object may serve.
National emblems may appear on many things such as the national flag, coat of arms, or other patriotic materials.
One should not confuse a formal national emblem with less formal symbols perhaps associated with tourism or clichés, for example windmills in the Netherlands.
Many unofficial symbols are as or even more important than the official ones. However official symbols are defined by law, which guarantees the proper use of them.
The national emblems of nations of the world in alphabetical order
National emblem
Most national emblems originate in the natural world, such as animals or birds, but another object may serve.
National emblems may appear on many things such as the national flag, coat of arms, or other patriotic materials.
One should not confuse a formal national emblem with less formal symbols perhaps associated with tourism or clichés, for example windmills in the Netherlands.
Many unofficial symbols are as or even more important than the official ones. However official symbols are defined by law, which guarantees the proper use of them.
The national emblems of nations of the world in alphabetical order